山东省淄博一中 任大中
阐明“原因”是日常交际功能之一，为高考命题提供了广阔的语境，除在阅读、写作中外，题目多以单项选择、短文改错等形式出现。例如：
1. --- Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard .
--- Why _____ ? John is sitting there doing nothing . (NMET 2003)
A. him B. he C. I D. me
2. I can think of many cases _____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay .(2003 上海)
A. why B. which C. as D. where
3. --- I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke . I was very tired .
--- There is no ______ for this while are on duty . .(2003 北京)
A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation
4. Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ? (2002上海春考)
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
5. It was for this reason _____ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village . (2001 上海春考)
A. which B. why C. that D. how
6. ______ you’re got a chance , you might as well make full use of it . (NMET 1999)
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
7. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella . ______ I got wet through . .(1998上海)
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
8. --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
--- Is that _____ you had a few days off ? (NMET 1999)
A. why B. when C. what D. where
9. --- What do you think made Mary so up set ?
--- _____ her new bicycle . (1997上海)
A. As she lost B. losing C. Lost D. Because of losing
10. _____ , so we had to stay at home .
A. Because it was a cold day B. It was a cold day
C. Being a cold day D. The day being cold
【答案】1D;2D;3B;4A;5C;6A;7B;8A;9B;10B.
下面是“原因”的各种不同句子结构的“一句多译”：
一、简单句
用because of / owing to / on account of / as (a) the result of / thanks to / due to 含有介词的短语。due to只作表语或定语，不能位于句首。其他短语一般作状语，位于句首，也可以位于句末。例如“耽搁是由于停电”的翻译：
It was delayed because of(owing to / on account of / as a result of )power failure .
The delay was due to power failure.
thanks to表示“原因”有正面、反面两种含义。
Thanks to power failure, it was delayed . (幸亏停电，正面；由于停电导致耽搁，有抱怨语气，反面。)
还有一些介词表示原因。例如：
I cannot see anything for the fog . (for 表示原因)
He got angry at her words .(at表示原因)
He died of sadness after his wife’s death; his wife died from the pollution air .(of /from表示原因)
二、并列句
for/so是并列连词，不用于句首。So不能和because连用。
It must have rained in the night , for I saw the grass wet .
He was ill , so he didn’t come to school yesterday .
三、复合句
①原因状语从句
由because/since/as引导的状语从句，because语气最重，可以回答why的提问，可用于强调句型。as最弱，since通常位于句首。例如：
1. He’s disappointed because he didn’t get the position .
2. Since I had not enough money , I couldn’t buy the coat .
3. As it is raining , I will not go out .
短语now that相当于since，常用于口语中。例如：
Now that you are a big boy , don’t do such a thing . （now that=since）
②表示原因的表语从句
由because/why引导表语从句。例如：
4. It is because we think more of others than ourselves .
5. That is why he didn’t pass the exam .
③Why引导的定语从句。例如：
6. The reason why he said that is clear .
④含有reason/cause的句子
reason多与for连用侧指推理上的原因，常见句型：This is the reason why ….; The reason why….is that ; cause侧指直接起因，常与of连用。例如：
7. This is the reason why he didn’t catch the first bus .
8. A cigar end was the cause of the fire .
总之，“一句多译”以点带面，巩固语法，提高分析句子结构能力，促进综合能力提高；丰富、灵活的句子择优而用是打造出地道的、高质量的“书面表达”的前提。例如NMET2003（北京卷）中的“情景作文”范文有2个表示“原因”的句子，可见一斑。
Story of a Tree
Once there was a family living in a cabin under a huge tree. Its strong branches and thick leaves kept the family safe from the wind and rain. Sometime later, they felled down the tree with an ax ,as they were building another cabin. They needed the wood for its walls and the branches and leaves for its roof. But before the completion of the new cabin, there came a storm. And strong winds blew away the roofs of both the old and new cabins, because the tree was no longer there to protect the place from the wind.
【巩固训练】
一、单项选择：
1. _____ I’m so late _____ I missed the train .
A. That ; is B. The reason ; is C. That ; is because D. It is ; that
2. Because they were hungry , _____ they stopped to have a rest .
A. so B. and C. or D. /
3. (2002上海)_____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons .
A. What ; why B. That ; what C. What ; because D. why ; that
4. (2002 上海) Perseverance is a kind of quality ——and that’s ____ it takes to do anything well .
A. what B. that C. which D. why
5. The reason I plan to go is _______ if I don’t .
A. because she will be disappointed
B. that she will be disappointed
C. because she will have a disappointment
D. on account of she will be disappointed
6. Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report ______ her boss could read it first thing next morning .(2003 北京春考)
A. so that B. because C. before D. or else
7. It was because of bad weather ______ the football match had to be put off . (2003 上海春考)
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
8. _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . (2003 上海春考)
A. What ; because B. What ; that C. That ; what D. That ; because
9. It is _____ it is raining hard that they can’t go out for an outing .
A. as B. since C. for D. because
10. The girl was frightened _____ the sight of the snake .
A. with B. in C. for D. at
二、 短文改错：
Once there was a king, he liked to write stories. He 11.______
liked to show his stories to people. For they were 12.______
afraid him, people all said his stories were very 13.______
well. One day he showed some of his stories to 14.______
a writer. He wanted the writer to praise himself 15.______
for his stories. But the writer said his stories 16.______
were too bad that he should throw them into the fire. 17______
The king got very angry and had the writer send to prison. 18.______
After some times he set the writer free.. When the writer 19______
came out of the prison, the king again showed him his stories. 20_______
After reading them, the writer turned to the soldiers and said,
“Bring me back to prison, please.”
【答案】1—5CDAAB ; 6—10ADBDD . 11. he改为who 12. For 改为As/Because 13. him前加of 14. well改为good 15.himself改为him 16. ∨ 17. too改为so 18. send改为sent 19.times改为time 20.去掉prison前的the
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